Introduction to Data Pipelines
Configuration & Secrets (.env)
Separation of Concerns (I/O vs Logic)
Goal: Structure your data, don't just throw dictionaries around.
The Problem with Dicts*: row['price'] fails at runtime if the key is wrong.
The Solution*: @dataclass gives you row.price (checked by editor).
Validation*: Adding __post_init__ to check values (e.g., price > 0).
Methods*: Adding helper methods to your data objects (Encapsulation).
Serialization*: Methods to convert back to dict/JSON (asdict).
Refactor a dict based student record into a Student dataclass.
Add a validation rule that prevents creating a Student with a negative age.

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